The biblical month, however, consists of a total of 29 or 30 days. The 1 to 2 days missing from the 28 days is the time when the moon is outshone by the sunlight scattered by the sun, so that it cannot be seen with the naked eye. The starting point of the creation week is the new moon which is outside the week. The Sabbath day is anchored in the new moon.
Let us take a leap into the time of the life of the Lord Jesus.
The heathens kept sabbath too. Most of the middle eastern people kept lunar sabbath but on the pagan lunar calendar they counted the new moon day as day one not only of the month but of the week. If we look at the records of the Cuneiform tablets of these pagan sabbaths, then we find that they were the 7th, 14th and so on day. They numbered the days differently it was still the very same day.
The biblical week, like the beginnings of the planetary week in the Roman Empire, was also still anchored to the moon, so that the day of Saturn coincided with the Sabbath day until the attachment to the moon was abandoned by the Romans
The day of Saturn in the Roman lunar calendar always fell on the 1st, 8th, 15th, 22nd and 29th days of the month, the very same days on which the Jews kept the biblical Sabbath.
Hence it came that the Romans claimed that the Jews worshipped Saturn
Saturns day of the planetary week during of the Messiahs time corresponded perfectly with the New Moon and Sabbaths of The Original Timepiece. Saturns day of that time period was not Saturday as we know it on our modern calendar - the seventh day of a continuously cycling planetary week, having no connection with the moon.
The original pagan lunar calendar, with the planetary week included, had the same dates tied with the same weekdays for every day of the month. Below is a calendar showing the original planetary week that Dio Cassius explained in his writings. He was a Roman historian who described Saturns day before Constantine brought the Christian planetary week into the Roman civil calendar in 321. Each month would have looked something like this
So how does this planetary week/lunar month calendar compare with the original Hebrew seventh-day Sabbath?
The days for the planetary week on Saturns day coincide with the new moon and Sabbath days.
After all, the Romans persecuted the Jews most cruelly and had the biblical calendar banned.
The Emperor Hadrian, 117-138, tried to eradicate Judaism, which he saw as the cause of constant rebellions. He banned the Torah and the calendar and had Jewish scholars executed.
The Jews conformed to the new seven-day uninterrupted week by celebrating the Sabbath regularly every seven days to this day.
The Romans, as written above, called Saturday Saturni dies for the planet Saturn.
This followed an ancient pattern to name the hours of the day and the days of the week according to the order of the planets
Astrologically, the first hour of the first day is assigned to the planet Saturn and then each subsequent hour is assigned to the following planet in the traditional order Saturn-Jupiter-Mars-Sun-Venus-Mercury-Moon. Since there are only seven planets, the eight hour will again be assigned to Saturn, and the seven-hour cycle will begin again
Since the ruler of the first hour of each day should also rule the entire day as a whole, the entire first day was astrologically assigned to Saturn, the second to the Sun, the third to the Moon, the fourth to Mars, the fifth to Mercury, the sixth to Jupiter, and the seventh to Venus. At this point, the 168-hour cycle is complete and the regent of what would otherwise have been the eight days becomes Saturn again, the regent of the first day of the cycle.
The earliest mention of the generally accepted explanation for the order of the planets within the week in the literary sources is by the Alexandrian astrologer Vettius Valens (mid-2nd century CE), followed a half-century later by Dio Cassius, a Christian historian of the 3rd century.
According to Cassius, astrologists ascribed the 24 hours of each day of the week to the seven wandering stars in a cyclical sequence. The first hour of the first day of the week was ascribed to Saturn and the following to Jupiter, Mars, the Sun, Venus, Mercury and the Moon respectively. Thus, the eighth hour of the first day was ascribed again to Saturn, and also the fifteenth and twenty second. Following this cycle for every hour and every day in the week, the first hours of the following days would be ascribed to the Sun, the Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus, respectively.
Therefore, each day of the week received the name of the planet to which its first hour had been ascribed. This way, the sequence of the days was: Saturn, Sun, Moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter and Venus, which corresponds to the days in todays Gregorian Calendar Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday. And remember that for the Jews the week ends on Saturday.
In fact, this concept is attested at least a half-century before Vettius Valens in a fragmentary inscription from the area of Potenza Picena (ancient Potentia) in central Italy, near the Adriatic coast. The inscription has been dated mainly on the basis of letterforms to around 100 CE or possibly earlier, even as early as the Augustan period (27 BCE – 14 CE).